Causes

Gingivostomatitis can be caused by the following:

• Viruses: The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and coxsackievirus both can cause the condition to develop.
• Poor oral hygiene: Failing to brush or floss appropriately can lead to gingivostomatitis.
• Bacterial infection: In rare instances, gingivostomatitis can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus or Actinomyces.

HSV-1 is the most common cause and accounts for roughly 90% of all cases.

Gingivostomatitis and Adults

Although the infection is more common in children, adults can develop it if they contract a virus that leads to it. In some instances, the herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) (the viral infection associated with genital herpes) can lead to the infection in some adults.⁴