Matter In Our Surroundings:
Anything that has mass and takes up space is referred to as matter. hydrogen and oxygen, sugar and sand, air and water, etc. Small, minuscule particles make up matter. Due to the space between them, matter particles are attracted to one another.
States of Matter
- Matter can be classified as solid, liquid and gas on the basis of interparticle forces and the arrangement of particles.
- These three forms of matter are interconvertible by increasing or decreasing pressure and temperature. For example, ice can be converted from solid to a liquid by increasing the temperature.
| Property | Solid | Liquid | Gas |
| Shape and volume | Fixed shape and volume | No fixed shape but has volume | Neither definite shape nor volume |
| Energy | Lowest | Medium | Highest |
| Compressibility | Difficult | Nearly difficult | Easy |
| Arrangement of molecules | Regular and closely arranged | Random and little sparsely arranged | Random and more sparsely arranged |
| Fluidity | Cannot flow | Flows from higher to lower level | Flows in all directions |
| Movement | Negligible | Depends on interparticle attraction | Free, constant and random |
| Interparticle space | Very less | More | Large |
| Interparticle attraction | Maximum | Medium | Minimum |
| Density | Maximum | Medium | Minimum |
| Rate of diffusion | Negligible | It depends on interparticle attraction. | Maximum |
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