The members of any particular family have almost identical chemical properties due to the same functional group. Their physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density, etc., show a regular gradation with the increase in the molecular mass.
Chemical Properties
A chemical property is a property that describes a substance’s ability to undergo a specific chemical change. We look for a chemical shift to identify a chemical attribute. A chemical change always results in the formation of one or more types of matter that are distinct from the matter that existed before to the change.
Combustion Reactions
Combustion means burning of carbon or carbon-containing compounds in the presence of air or oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, heat and light.
2CH3OH + 3O2 → 4H2O + 2CO2
For example,
Naphthalene also undergoes combustion in the presence of oxygen to afford carbon dioxide gas and water. The chemical equation for this reaction is given by:
12O2 + C10H8 → 4H2O + 10CO2
Flame Characteristics
Saturated hydrocarbons give clean flame while unsaturated hydrocarbons give smoky flame. In the presence of limited oxygen, even saturated hydrocarbons give smoky flame.
A black substance formed by combustion or separated from fuel during combustion, rising in fine particles, and adhering to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying the smoke especially : the fine powder consisting chiefly of carbon that colors smoke called soot.
Oxidation
Oxidation is a chemical reaction that occurs in an atom or compound and results in the loss of one or more electrons.
Addition
The reactions in which two molecules react to form a single product having all the atoms of the combining molecules are called addition reactions.
The hydrogenation reaction is an example of the addition reaction. In this reaction, hydrogen is added to a double bond or a triple bond in the presence of a catalyst like nickel, palladium or platinum.
Substitution
The reaction in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced or substituted by different atoms or group of atoms is called substitution reaction. In alkanes, hydrogen atoms are replaced by other elements.
CH4+Cl2+Sunlight → CH3Cl+HCl
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