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Author: misamaliraza94

  • Basic and Amphoteric Oxides of Metals

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    Metal oxides are crystalline solids that contain a metal cation and an oxide anion. They typically react with water to form bases or with acids to form salts. MO + H2O → M(OH)2 (where M = group 2 metal) Thus, these compounds are often called basic oxides. Some metallic oxides get dissolved in water and form alkalis. Their…

  • Chemical Properties

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    Chemical Properties of Metals ● Alkali metals (Li, Na, K, etc) react vigorously with water and oxygen or air.● Mg reacts with hot water.● Al, Fe and Zn react with steam.● Cu, Ag, Pt, Au do not react with water or dilute acids. Reaction of Metals with Oxygen (Burnt in Air) Metal oxide is formed…

  • Non-Metals

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    Nonmetals are those elements which do not exhibit the properties of metals. Physical Properties of Non-metals Occur as solids, liquids and gases at room temperature Brittle Non-malleable Non-ductile Non-sonorous Bad conductors of heat and electricity Exceptions in Physical Properties Alkali metals (Na, K, Li) can be cut using a knife. Mercury is a liquid metal.…

  • Physical Properties

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    Any measurable property whose value describes a condition of a physical system is referred to as a physical property. A system’s physical properties can be utilised to characterise its transitions between brief states.  Observables are a term used to describe physical qualities.  Physical Properties of Metals ● Hard and have a high tensile strength – Carbon is the only non metal with very high tensile strength.● Solid at room temperature – One non-metal, bromine, is a liquid at room temperature. The other non-metals are solids at room temperature, including carbon and sulfur.● Sonorous – Metals produce a…

  • Introduction Of Chapter

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    In a periodic table, all elements found on the planet have been appropriately ordered based on their increasing atomic numbers. There are a total of 118 elements known to us, 92 of which are derived naturally and the remaining 26 are created artificially in the laboratory. Based on their physical and chemical properties, these elements…

  • Plaster of paris

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    Plaster of Paris is a widely used chemical compound that is extensively used in sculpting materials and gauze bandages. Plaster of Paris is a white powdery chemical compound that is hydrated calcium sulphate that is usually obtained by calcining gypsum. While we have seen many applications of this material in our everyday lives, if we…

  • Baking soda And Others

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    Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 and the IUPAC designation sodium hydrogencarbonate. A sodium cation (Na+) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO3) combine to form this salt. Sodium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline substance that is commonly found as a fine powder. It tastes…

  • Bleaching powder

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    Bleaching powder is soluble in water and is used as a bleaching agent in textile industries. It is also used as an oxidizing agent and a disinfectant in many industries. It should also be noted that bleaching powder is synthesized by the reacting chlorine gas on dry slaked lime i.e. Ca(OH)2. Chemical formula – Ca(OCl)Cl…

  • Salts

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    Salts A salt is a combination of an anion of an acid and a cation of a base. Examples – KCl, NaNO3 ,CaSO4, etc. Salts are usually prepared by the neutralisation reaction of an acid and a base. Common salt Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is referred to as common salt because it’s used all over the world for…

  • Manufacture of Acids and Bases

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    Manufacture of acids and bases a) Nonmetal oxide + water → acid SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO3(aq)SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq)4NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + O2(g) → 4HNO3(aq) Non-metal oxides are thus referred to as acid anhydrides. b) Hydrogen + halogen → acid H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)HCl(g) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) c) Metallic salt + conc. sulphuric acid…