Category: Calculus
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Limits and Functions
A function may approach two different limits. One where the variable approaches its limit through values larger than the limit and the other where the variable approaches its limit through values smaller than the limit. In such a case, the limit is not defined but the right and left-hand limits exist. When the limx→af(x)=A+limx→af(x)=A+ given the values of f…
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Special Rules:
1. limx→axn−anx−a=na(n−1)limx→axn−anx−a=na(n−1), for all real values of n.2. limθ→0sinθ/θ=1 limθ→0 sinθ/θ=13. limθ→0tanθ/ θ=1 limθ→0tanθ/θ=14. limθ→01−cosθ/θ=0 limθ→01−cosθ/θ=05. limθ→0 cosθ=1 limθ→0 cosθ=16. limx→0ex=1limx→0ex=17. limx→0ex−1x=1limx→0ex−1x=18. limx→∞(1+1x)x=e
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Properties of Limits
Here are some properties of the limits of the function: If limits limx→alimx→a f(x) and limx→alimx→a g(x) exists, and n is an integer, then, Law of Addition: limx→a[f(x)+g(x)]=limx→af(x)+limx→ag(x)limx→a[f(x)+g(x)]=limx→af(x)+limx→ag(x) Law of Subtraction: limx→a[f(x)−g(x)]=limx→af(x)−limx→ag(x)limx→a[f(x)−g(x)]=limx→af(x)−limx→ag(x) Law of Multiplication: limx→a[f(x)⋅g(x)]=limx→af(x)⋅limx→ag(x)limx→a[f(x)⋅g(x)]=limx→af(x)⋅limx→ag(x) Law of Division: limx→a[f(x)g(x)]=limx→af(x)limx→ag(x), where limx→ag(x)≠0limx→a[f(x)g(x)]=limx→af(x)limx→ag(x), where limx→ag(x)≠0 Law of Power: limx→ac=c
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Limits and Functions
A function may approach two different limits. One where the variable approaches its limit through values larger than the limit and the other where the variable approaches its limit through values smaller than the limit. In such a case, the limit is not defined but the right and left-hand limits exist. When the limx→af(x)=A+limx→af(x)=A+ given the values of f…
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What Are Limits?
Limits in maths are unique real numbers. Let us consider a real-valued function “f” and the real number “c”, the limit is normally defined as limx→cf(x)=Llimx→cf(x)=L. It is read as “the limit of f of x, as x approaches c equals L”. The “lim” shows the limit, and fact that function f(x) approaches the limit L as x…
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Important Notes on Rational Function
A rational function equation is of the form f(x) = P(x) / Q(x), where Q(x) ≠ 0. Every rational function has at least one vertical asymptote. Every rational function has at most one horizontal asymptote. Every rational function has at most one slant asymptote. The excluded values of the domain of a rational function help…
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Inverse of a Rational Function
To find the inverse of a rational function y = f(x): Replace f(x) with y. Interchange x and y. Solve the resultant equation for y. The result would give the inverse f-1(x). Example: Find the inverse of the rational function f(x) = (2x – 1) / (x + 3). Solution: The given function can be written as: y…
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Graphing Rational Functions
Here are the steps for graphing a rational function: Identify and draw the vertical asymptote using a dotted line. Identify and draw the horizontal asymptote using a dotted line. Plot the holes (if any) Find x-intercept (by using y = 0) and y-intercept (by x = 0) and plot them. Draw a table of two columns x and y…
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Horizontal Asymptote of a Rational Function
A horizontal asymptote (HA) of a function is an imaginary horizontal line to which its graph appears to be very close but never touch. It is of the form y = some number. Here, “some number” is closely connected to the excluded values from the range. A rational function can have at most one horizontal asymptote. Easy…
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Vertical Asymptote of a Rational Function
A vertical asymptote (VA) of a function is an imaginary vertical line to which its graph appears to be very close but never touch. It is of the form x = some number. Here, “some number” is closely connected to the excluded values from the domain. But note that there cannot be a vertical asymptote at x…