{"id":1118,"date":"2022-02-07T19:24:24","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T19:24:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mdr.foobrdigital.com\/?p=1118"},"modified":"2022-02-07T19:24:24","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T19:24:24","slug":"files-and-i-o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/2022\/02\/07\/files-and-i-o\/","title":{"rendered":"Files and I\/O"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
The java.io package contains nearly every class you might ever need to perform input and output (I\/O) in Java. All these streams represent an input source and an output destination. The stream in the java.io package supports many data such as primitives, object, localized characters, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stream<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A stream can be defined as a sequence of data. There are two kinds of Streams \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
InPutStream<\/strong> \u2212 The InputStream is used to read data from a source.<\/li>
OutPutStream<\/strong> \u2212 The OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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Java provides strong but flexible support for I\/O related to files and networks but this tutorial covers very basic functionality related to streams and I\/O. We will see the most commonly used examples one by one \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Byte Streams<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Java byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes. Though there are many classes related to byte streams but the most frequently used classes are, FileInputStream<\/strong> and FileOutputStream<\/strong>. Following is an example which makes use of these two classes to copy an input file into an output file \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
import java.io.*;\npublic class CopyFile {\n\n public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { \n FileInputStream in = null;\n FileOutputStream out = null;\n\n try {\n in = new FileInputStream(\"input.txt\");\n out = new FileOutputStream(\"output.txt\");\n \n int c;\n while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {\n out.write(c);\n }\n }finally {\n if (in != null) {\n in.close();\n }\n if (out != null) {\n out.close();\n }\n }\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Now let’s have a file input.txt<\/strong> with the following content \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This is test for copy file.\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
As a next step, compile the above program and execute it, which will result in creating output.txt file with the same content as we have in input.txt. So let’s put the above code in CopyFile.java file and do the following \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Java Byte<\/strong> streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes, whereas Java Character<\/strong> streams are used to perform input and output for 16-bit unicode. Though there are many classes related to character streams but the most frequently used classes are, FileReader<\/strong> and FileWriter<\/strong>. Though internally FileReader uses FileInputStream and FileWriter uses FileOutputStream but here the major difference is that FileReader reads two bytes at a time and FileWriter writes two bytes at a time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
We can re-write the above example, which makes the use of these two classes to copy an input file (having unicode characters) into an output file \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
import java.io.*;\npublic class CopyFile {\n\n public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {\n FileReader in = null;\n FileWriter out = null;\n\n try {\n in = new FileReader(\"input.txt\");\n out = new FileWriter(\"output.txt\");\n \n int c;\n while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {\n out.write(c);\n }\n }finally {\n if (in != null) {\n in.close();\n }\n if (out != null) {\n out.close();\n }\n }\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Now let’s have a file input.txt<\/strong> with the following content \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This is test for copy file.\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
As a next step, compile the above program and execute it, which will result in creating output.txt file with the same content as we have in input.txt. So let’s put the above code in CopyFile.java file and do the following \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
All the programming languages provide support for standard I\/O where the user’s program can take input from a keyboard and then produce an output on the computer screen. If you are aware of C or C++ programming languages, then you must be aware of three standard devices STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR. Similarly, Java provides the following three standard streams \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Standard Input<\/strong> \u2212 This is used to feed the data to user’s program and usually a keyboard is used as standard input stream and represented as System.in<\/strong>.<\/li>
Standard Output<\/strong> \u2212 This is used to output the data produced by the user’s program and usually a computer screen is used for standard output stream and represented as System.out<\/strong>.<\/li>
Standard Error<\/strong> \u2212 This is used to output the error data produced by the user’s program and usually a computer screen is used for standard error stream and represented as System.err<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Following is a simple program, which creates InputStreamReader<\/strong> to read standard input stream until the user types a “q” \u2212<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"Streams\"\/](\"https:\/\/www.tutorialspoint.com\/java\/images\/streams.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"Files](\"https:\/\/www.tutorialspoint.com\/java\/images\/file_io.jpg\")
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