In this tutorial, you will learn about encapsulation and data hiding in Java with the help of examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Encapsulation is one of the key features of object-oriented programming. Encapsulation refers to the bundling of fields and methods inside a single class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It prevents outer classes from accessing and changing fields and methods of a class. This also helps to achieve data hiding<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n In the above example, we have created a class named Area<\/var>. The main purpose of this class is to calculate the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To calculate an area, we need two variables: length<\/var> and breadth<\/var> and a method: Here, the fields and methods can be accessed from other classes as well. Hence, this is not data hiding<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This is only encapsulation<\/strong>. We are just keeping similar codes together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Note<\/strong>: People often consider encapsulation as data hiding, but that’s not entirely true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Encapsulation refers to the bundling of related fields and methods together. This can be used to achieve data hiding. Encapsulation in itself is not data hiding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Data hiding is a way of restricting the access of our data members by hiding the implementation details. Encapsulation also provides a way for data hiding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We can use\u00a0access modifiers\u00a0to achieve data hiding. For example,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n In the above example, we have a In order to access age<\/var>, we have used Making age<\/var> private allowed us to restrict unauthorized access from outside the class. This is data hiding<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n If we try to access the age<\/var> field from the Main<\/var> class, we will get an error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In this tutorial, you will learn about encapsulation and data hiding in Java with the help of examples. Java Encapsulation Encapsulation is one of the key features of object-oriented programming. Encapsulation refers to the bundling of fields and methods inside a single class. It prevents outer classes from accessing and changing fields and methods of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[531],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1214"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\n\n\nExample 1: Java Encapsulation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
class Area {\n\n \/\/ fields to calculate area\n int length;\n int breadth;\n\n \/\/ constructor to initialize values\n Area(int length, int breadth) {\n this.length = length;\n this.breadth = breadth;\n }\n\n \/\/ method to calculate area\n public void getArea() {\n int area = length * breadth;\n System.out.println(\"Area: \" + area);\n }\n}\n\nclass Main {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n\n \/\/ create object of Area\n \/\/ pass value of length and breadth\n Area rectangle = new Area(5, 6);\n rectangle.getArea();\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nArea: 30<\/samp><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\ngetArea()<\/code>. Hence, we bundled these fields and methods inside a single class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nWhy Encapsulation?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
class Person { private int age; public void setAge(int age) { if (age >= 0) { this.age = age; } } }<\/code>
Here, we are making the age<\/var> variable private<\/code> and applying logic inside the setAge()<\/code> method. Now, age<\/var> cannot be negative.<\/li>getName() \/\/ provides read-only access setName() \/\/ provides write-only access<\/code><\/li>
These decoupled components (bundle) can be developed, tested, and debugged independently and concurrently. And, any changes in a particular component do not have any effect on other components.<\/li>
And, they are kept hidden from outer classes. This is called data hiding<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nData Hiding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Example 2: Data hiding using the private specifier<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
class Person {\n\n \/\/ private field\n private int age;\n\n \/\/ getter method\n public int getAge() {\n return age;\n }\n\n \/\/ setter method\n public void setAge(int age) {\n this.age = age;\n }\n}\n\nclass Main {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n\n \/\/ create an object of Person\n Person p1 = new Person();\n\n \/\/ change age using setter\n p1.setAge(24);\n\n \/\/ access age using getter\n System.out.println(\"My age is \" + p1.getAge());\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nMy age is 24<\/samp><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nprivate<\/code> field age<\/var>. Since it is private<\/code>, it cannot be accessed from outside the class.<\/p>\n\n\n\npublic<\/code> methods: getAge()<\/code> and setAge()<\/code>. These methods are called getter and setter methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\/\/ error: age has private access in Person\np1.age = 24;<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"