{"id":5259,"date":"2022-07-01T06:09:12","date_gmt":"2022-07-01T06:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mdr.foobrdigital.com\/?p=5259"},"modified":"2022-07-01T06:09:12","modified_gmt":"2022-07-01T06:09:12","slug":"nitric-acid-hno3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/01\/nitric-acid-hno3\/","title":{"rendered":"Nitric Acid &#8211; HNO3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Nitric Acid?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nitric Acid is a strong acid with chemical formula HNO<sub>3<\/sub>. It is also known as the spirit of niter and aqua fortis. In its pure form, it is colourless but as it gets older it turns into a yellow cast. This colour appears due to the decomposition of Nitric acid to oxides of nitrogen and water. It is highly corrosive and toxic. It causes severe skin burn. It reacts with hydroxides, metals, and oxides to form nitrate salts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HNO<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0is used as a strong\u00a0oxidizing agent. It can be manufactured by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. It is a common reagent used in laboratories and an important chemical used in industries to manufacture explosives and fertilizers. The PH of Nitric acid is approximately 3.01.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structure of HNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;Molecules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nitric acid molecules contain 3 oxygen atoms, 1 nitrogen atom, and 1 hydrogen atom. In HNO3 molecules, one of the oxygen atoms is doubly bonded to the central nitrogen atom. Another oxygen atom is singly bonded to the central nitrogen atom and also singly bonded to a hydrogen atom. The last oxygen atom in the nitric acid molecule has a charge of -1 and is singly bonded to the central nitrogen atom. Since the nitrogen atom at the center of the molecule is participating in four covalent bonds (with 3 oxygen atoms), it has a charge of +1. Therefore, the net charge on the nitric acid molecule is 0 (the positive charge on the nitrogen atom and the negative charge on the oxygen atom cancel each other out). It can be noted that the charges in this molecules can be delocalized due to resonance. The structure of nitric acid molecules is illustrated below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mdr.foobrdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Nitric-Acid-Structure.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5260\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Structure of Nitric Acid<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laboratory Preparation of Nitric Acid&nbsp;\u2013 HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A more volatile acid can be displaced from its salt by a less volatile acid. This is the basic principle in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Illustration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nitric acid is a more volatile acid than sulphuric acid is displaced by sulphuric acid from metal nitrates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reactants<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>50gm of potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3<\/sub>) + 25ml of concentrated sulphuric acid (H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>) is taken in a round bottom flask. The reactants are heated to about 200oC taking care that the temperature does not cross 200<sup>o<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reaction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>KNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 KHSO<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;+ HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/strong><br>(Salt of more volatile acid + less volatile acid \u2192 displaces more volatile acid)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparatus Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/laboratory-preparation-of-nitric-acid.png\" alt=\"Laboratory Preparation of Nitric Acid&nbsp;\" width=\"627\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/laboratory-preparation-of-nitric-acid.png 627w, https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/laboratory-preparation-of-nitric-acid-250x122.png 250w, https:\/\/cdn1.byjus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/laboratory-preparation-of-nitric-acid-120x59.png 120w\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Laboratory Preparation of Nitric Acid&nbsp;\u2013 HNO3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Method of Collection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The vapours of nitric acid are cooled and condensed for collection as shown in the diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Physical Properties of Nitric Acid \u2013 HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/td><td>Nitric Acid<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Molecular Weight\/ Molar Mass<\/td><td>63.01 g\/mol<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Density<\/td><td>1.51 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Boiling Point<\/td><td>83 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Melting Point<\/td><td>-42 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chemical&nbsp;Properties of Nitric Acid \u2013 HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Nitric acid is a very strong acid, turns blue litmus red.<\/li><li>Nitric acid decomposes on standing to form brown nitrogen dioxide. This is the reason why it becomes brownish over time though fresh nitric acid is colourless.<br><strong>4HNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 4NO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ O<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/strong><\/li><li>Nitric acid liberates hydrogen gas with metals above hydrogen in the metal activity series.<br><strong>Mg + 2HNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 Mg(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><br><strong>Mn + 2HNO<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;\u2192 Mn(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;+ H<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uses of Nitric Acid<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It is used to produce ammonium nitrates to manufacture plastic, dye, and fertilizers<\/li><li>It is used in making explosives such as TNT<\/li><li>It is used in liquid-fueled rockets as an oxidizer<\/li><li>In its pure form, it is used in the removal of the wart<\/li><li>It is used as a chemical doping agent in electrochemistry<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Nitric Acid? Nitric Acid is a strong acid with chemical formula HNO3. It is also known as the spirit of niter and aqua fortis. In its pure form, it is colourless but as it gets older it turns into a yellow cast. This colour appears due to the decomposition of Nitric acid to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5259"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5259"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5259\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}