An atom or a group of atoms which when present in a compound gives specific physical and chemical properties to it regardless of the length and nature of the carbon chain is called a functional group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Main Functional Groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(i) Hydroxyl group (-OH): All organic compounds containing -OH group are known as alcohols. For example, Methanol (CH3<\/sub>OH), Ethanol (CH3<\/sub>\u2212CH2<\/sub>\u2212OH), etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (ii) Aldehyde group (-CHO): All organic compounds containing -CHO group are known as aldehydes. For example, Methanal (HCHO), Ethanal (CH3<\/sub>CHO), etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (iii) Ketone group (-C=O): All organic compounds containing (-C=O) group flanked by two alkyl groups are known as ketones. For example, Propanone (CH3<\/sub>COCH3<\/sub>), Butanone (CH3<\/sub>COCH2<\/sub>CH3<\/sub>), etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (iv) Carboxyl group (-COOH): All organic acids contain a carboxyl group (-COOH). Hence, they are also called carboxylic acids. (v) Halogen group (F, CI, Br, I): The alkanes in which one or more than one hydrogen atom is substituted by- X (F, CI, Br or I) are known as haloalkanes. For example, Chloromethane (CH3<\/sub>Cl), Bromomethane (CH3<\/sub>Br), etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Homologous series constitutes organic compounds with the same general formula, similar chemical characteristics but different physical properties. The adjacent members differ in their molecular formula by \u2212CH2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Examples of homologous series<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. are all part of the alkane homologous series. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) decided some rules to name the carbon compounds. This was done to maintain the uniformity throughout the world. Names which are given on this basis are popularly known as IUPAC name.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Functional Groups An atom or a group of atoms which when present in a compound gives specific physical and chemical properties to it regardless of the length and nature of the carbon chain is called a functional group. Classification of Functional Groups Main Functional Groups: (i) Hydroxyl group (-OH): All organic compounds containing -OH group […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5486"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5486"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5486\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
For example, Ethanoic acid (CH3<\/sub>COOH), Propanoic acid (CH3<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>COOH), etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\nHomologous Series<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The general formula of this series is Cn<\/sub>H2n+2<\/sub>.
Methane (CH4<\/sub>), Ethane (CH3<\/sub>CH3<\/sub>), Propane (CH3<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH3<\/sub>), Butane (CH3<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>CH3<\/sub>).
It can be noticed that there is a difference of \u2212CH2<\/sub> unit between each successive compound.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNomenclature of Carbon Compounds<\/h3>\n\n\n\n