In a group \u2013 Elements have the same number of valence electrons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Down the group \u2013 number of shells increases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In a period \u2013 Elements have the same number of shells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Along the period \u2013 valence shell electrons increase by one unit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Valency of an element can be calculated from the electronic configuration in two ways \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Valency = number of valence electrons (if they are 1, 2, 3 or 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
All the elements of a group have the same number of valence electrons. Therefore, they all have the same valency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atomic size or radii: It is defined as the distance from the centre of the nucleus to the valence shell of the atom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Along the period \u2013 Atomic radius decreases because effective nuclear charge increases by one unit and it pulls valence electrons or the electron cloud closer to the nucleus.
Down the group \u2013 Atomic radius increases because new shells are added, hence, the distance between the nucleus and valence electrons or the electron cloud increases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Along the period \u2013 Metallic character decreases because the tendency to lose valence electrons decreases due to increasing nuclear charge.
Down the group \u2013 As the distance between the nucleus and outermost electron increases, nuclear pull decreases. This increases the tendency of an atom to lose valence electron\/s, hence metallic character increases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Along the period \u2013 Non-metallic character increases as the tendency to gain electrons in the valence shell increases due to increasing nuclear charge.
Down the group \u2013 As the distance between the nucleus and valence shell increases, nuclear pull decreases. This decreases the tendency of an atom to gain an electron its valence shell, hence non-metallic character decreases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Along the period \u2013 Electronegativity increases as the tendency to gain electrons in the valence shell increases due to increasing nuclear charge.
Down the group \u2013 As the distance between the nucleus and valence shell increases, nuclear pull decreases. This decreases the tendency of an atom to gain an electron, hence electronegativity decreases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trends in Modern Periodic Table In a group \u2013 Elements have the same number of valence electrons. Down the group \u2013 number of shells increases. In a period \u2013 Elements have the same number of shells. Along the period \u2013 valence shell electrons increase by one unit. Variation of Valency Valency of an element can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[643],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5513"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5513"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5513\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mudassirbackup.infinitycodestudio.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}